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2023, № 106

UDC: 634.1:631.52
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Study of the influence of phenotypic traits of the genotype of apple cultivars and forms of the gene pool of FSFIS “North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking” on the content of water-soluble vitamins in fruits, apple juice and cider

The modern renewal of the existing assortment of apple trees actualizes the problem of complex selection based on breeding methods, variety study, biochemistry, statistics of the most promising genotypes, which make it possible to obtain high-quality domestic horticultural products with an improved vitamin composition, including those based on scab-immune cultivars and hybrids. The purpose of the study is to identify, on the basis of a set of statistical analysis methods, the share of influence of various phenotypic traits of the genotype on the content of vitamins C, P, PP, B, B, B in apple juice and cider; to identify promising apple genotypes in terms of vitamin composition of juice and cider. We work in the center for collective use "Research and breeding collection of genetic resources of horticultural crops" of FSBSI “NCFSCHVW”. In the course of statistical analysis of data on the vitamin composition of juice and cider from 30 different cultivars and forms of apple trees, the influence was revealed: in juice - the source of vitamin extraction for the content of vitamins B (59.0%); the timing of fruit harvesting on the content of vitamins B (51.6%), PP (40.3%); the fruit ripening period on the content of vitamins B (60.8%), B (47.2%); the degree of ripeness of fruit pulp on the content of vitamins B (35.7%); in cider - the selection method used on the content of vitamin B (25.6%); the timing of fruit harvesting on the content of vitamins B (51.5%) and PP (32.2%); the fruit ripening period on the content of vitamins B (44.6%) and the effect of fruit ripeness on vitamins B (50.7%) and B(34.9%). According to the results of cluster analysis by the Ward method on the content of vitamins in juice and cider, the studied samples were divided into 3 groups. When comparing the distribution by groups, elite forms of apple trees immune to scab were identified: 12/3-21-28, 12/1-20-4, 12/2-21-24 with a high content of vitamins in juice and cider.
Keywords: Apple tree, cultivar, elite form, juice, cider, vitamins.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-106-166-173

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Authors:

1. Ageyeva Natalia Mikhailovna, DSc in Technology, professor, Chief Research, Scientific Center "Winemaking".
2. Ulyanovskaya Elena Vladimirovna, DSc in Agriculture, Head of the Laboratory, Federal State Funded Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
3. Shcheglov Sergey Nikolaevich, DSc in Biology, professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
4. Chernutskaya Evgenia Anatolyevna, postgraduate student, junior researcher, Federal State Funded Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
5. Shirshova Anastasia Aleksandrovna, PhD in Technology, senior research, Federal State Funded Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.