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2023, № 105

UDC: 633.12:581.144.4:581.132
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Intrapopulation polymorphism of buckwheat cultivars according to the rate of leaf photosynthesis

The article presents the results of many years of field research on the study of intrapopulation polymorphism of the rate of leaf photosynthesis in various exemplary buckwheat. The relevance of the work lies in the development of scientific and methodological approaches to create varieties of a new generation - with increased activity and efficiency of photosynthesis, which ensures the formation of up to 95% of the organic matter of crops. The purpose of this study was to establish the possibility of using indicators of photosynthesis activity in intrapopulation selection of promising forms of buckwheat. It was shown that the interval of genotypic variation of the intensity of photosynthesis within populations is quite wide and was: for P 47 - 2.31-20.53 μmol CO/ms; for P 64 - 3.25-28.20 μmol CO/ms; for P 65 - 4.21-28.27 μmol CO/ms. The increased intensity of photosynthesis of the population as a whole was achieved not only due to the individual activity of the leaves of individual plants, but also through their greater number. It was concluded that it is expedient to breed new varieties based on the use of both traditional methods for assessing breeding material (by elements of the morphology and structure of the crop) and innovative methods -- in terms of photosynthesis activity and efficiency. Work in this direction may well be successful, since the gene pool of the crop is characterized by a wide polymorphism of signs of photosynthetic activity of leaves, which have a high hereditary conditionality.
Keywords: Breeding, buckwheat, selection, population, photosynthesis intensity, polymorphism.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-105-246-250

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Authors:

1. Fesenko Alexey Nikolaevich, DSc in Biology, head of the laboratory, Federal state budgetary, scientific institution “Federal scientific center of legumes and groat crops”.
2. Amelin Alexander Vasilyevich, DSc in Agriculture, head of CCU "Genetic resources of plants and their use", professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".
3. Zaikin Valeriy Vasilyevich, PhD in Agriculture, junior researcher, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".