Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета
    

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    2023, № 106

    UDC: 634.8:632.3:632.9
    GSNTI: 68.35.55, 68.37.3, 68.37.13

    On the problem of Bois noir phytoplasma infection in vineyards

    Phytoplasma Candidatus Phytoplasma solani is the causative agent on grapes of a dangerous disease Bois noir (BN). The pathogen is transmitted to the grapevine by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (but there is also information that other species of leafhoppers can be carriers). Herbaceous plants (field bindweed, stinging nettle, etc.) serve as host plants for the vector and reservoir plants for the pathogen. Ca. P. solani infects all above-ground parts of grapes: shoots, leaves, inflorescences and bunches. Symptoms of the disease at the beginning of growing season: short internodes, growth retardation, uneven lignification of shoots, necrosis of apical buds, wilting and falling of inflorescences. As the growing season progresses: curling, leaves’ yellowing in white and redness in red varieties, wilting of bunches, wrinkling of berries, necrotization and blackening of shoots under the influence of low winter temperatures. Ca. P. solani is widely distributed in the vineyards of Europe, in 2012 it was found in the vineyards of Crimea, in 2020 - in Krasnodar Territory. It is known that different grape varieties have different degrees of susceptibility to the pathogen, but no genotypes have been identified that have complete resistance to phytoplasma. To develop measures for control the spread of the disease, it is essential to identify the pathogen itself and insect vectors, as well as their preferred host plants. To date, effective measures to improve the health of affected grape plants have not been developed, but research is underway in this direction on the use of chemical elicitors, thermotherapy technology and in vitro. BN control strategy is mainly aimed at limiting the spread of the disease and curbing its harmfulness - the use of insecticides against insect vectors and PCR diagnostics of planting material.
    Keywords: Grape, Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, Bois noir, insect vectors.
    DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-106-94-103

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    Authors:

    1. Ilnitskaya Elena Tarasovna, PhD in Biology, Head of Laboratory, FSBSI “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
    2. Makarkina Marina Victorovna, junior research, FSBSI “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
    3. Kozina Tatiana Dmitrievna, junior research, FSBSI “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
    4. Kotlyar Victoriya Konstantinovna, junior research, FSBSI “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.

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