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2023, № 106

UDC: 634.1:631.52
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Prospects of formation and development of the gene pool of the apple tree to FSBSI NCFSCHVW

In the North Caucasian region of fruit growing, agro-climatic conditions are quite favorable for the formation and selection selection based on phenotypic assessment and DNA-marking of valuable genotypes for a combination of adaptability, resistance to fungal pathogens and high quality fruits. The purpose of the research is the formation and development of the identified composition of the Malus Mill. collection fund to accelerate the selection process based on the study of allelic polymorphism of genes on the basis of keeping quality and density of fruit pulp, resistance to Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter. Research work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods of variety study and selection of apple trees. DNA analysis methods were used in the work; 26 markers were used, including 22 markers of 15 scab resistance genes of the Rvi system and 4 markers for the Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1, MdEXP7, Md-PG1 genes (keeping quality and density of fruit pulp). The objects of study are samples of the apple gene pool of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW of various genetic, ecological and geographical origin and ploidy. The center for collective use "Research and breeding collection of genetic resources of horticultural crops". The Malus Mill collection fund of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW has 454 genotypes, including unique specimens from the southern region of the country. On the basis of DNA marking among the samples of the gene pool, carriers of valuable alleles of priority traits were identified: 4-5 scab resistance genes in various variants - 6 varieties of foreign breeding, 5 - domestic (Vesta, Kenri, Margo, Orfey, Stasovskoye) and 7 hybrids of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW breeding; 3 scab resistance genes - 27 accessions (Azimut, Zarya Stavropol'ya, Modi, Nika, Scarlett O’Hara, Soyuz, etc.); carriers of alleles Md-ACO1-1/1 + Md-ACS1-2/2 (fruit keeping quality): Azimut, Alenushkino, Fuji Mimo, 17/1-6-47, 17/2-6-1. The formation of identified collections according to the main economic indicators - long-term resistance to scab, keeping quality and increased density of fruit pulp was continued to enhance the efficiency of the process of creating apple varieties using various breeding methods.
Keywords: Variety, apple tree, gene pool, gene, DNA analysis, scab resistance.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-106-337-342

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Authors:

1. Ulyanovskaya Elena Vladimirovna, DSc in Agriculture, Head of the Laboratory, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
2. Bogdanovich Tatyana Valerievna, researcher, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
3. Chernutskaya Evgenia Anatolyevna, postgraduate student, junior researcher, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
4. Tokmakov Sergey Vyacheslavovich, PhD in Biology, Head of laboratory, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".