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2023, № 105

UDC: 633.18:631.524.84:631.524.85
GSNTI: 34.31.23, 34.31.27,68.35.03

Assessment of domestic cultivars from the collection of FSC of Rice for resistance to combined drought

Rice is an important food crop in the world. It is characterized as a heat- and moisture-loving crop but is susceptible to high temperatures during flowering. Consequently, the sterility of the spikelets increases, leading to significant losses in yield and grain quality. Rice is also negatively affected by moisture deficiency in the soil, and plants have reduced growth intensity and biomass. The impact of high air temperatures on the plant is exacerbated in conditions of water scarcity. The aim of our work was to assess the impact of combined drought on rice productivity and to identify resistant cultivars of domestic breeding. The results of the study of 11 domestic cultivars from the gene pool of the collection of the Rice Research Center are presented. To evaluate the samples to combined drought, plants were grown under two variants: by daily irrigation with maintenance of water layer (control); and under moisture deficit conditions with artificial exposure to high temperatures during flowering (stress). It was noted that under stress conditions duration of vegetation period practically in all cultivars increased, and biomass indices decreased. It was found that moisture deficit and high temperature had a greater effect on the total number of grains, which reduced plant productivity. Weight of 1000 grains depends on the genotype, and the indicator of emptiness is influenced more than other traits by the interaction of genotype-environment factors. The cultivars Kauris and Yakhont were identified as resistant, which can be recommended for adaptive breeding and for cultivation in arid conditions.
Keywords: Rice, cultivar, high temperature, water deficit, flowering, combined stress, productivity.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-105-288-294

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Authors:

1. Yurchenko Semyon Aleksandrovich, post-graduate student, researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Rice".
2. Korotenko Tatyana Leonidovna, PhD in Agriculture, leading researcher, Head of the group, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Rice".