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2018, № 72

UDC: 631.527:633.11:633.14:633.16
GSNTI: 68.35.29

Heterosis breeding of cereals

Heterosis research for cereals is discussed due to increasing interest to hybrids. Even due to number of hybrid wheat research in ex-Soviet Union in middle 80th of XX century, the first wheat hybrids were selected by Cargill, and had been commercialized in USA since 1981. German company Saaten-Union GmbH had purchased Hybrinova project from American DuPont, and then became European market leader with market share <1%. Limited acreage of hybrid wheat (up to 100 kHa) based on Ае. Juvenalis, and T. timopheevii cytoplasm are cultivated in India and China. Hybrids with 10-15% level of commercial heterosis being produced on CMS Р-type, and in a less scale, on G-type, are cultivated on 40% European rye acreage. Most of rice hybrids in China are maintained on CMS with Oryza rufipogon cytoplasm. Hybrid rice acreage is about 20 m Ha worldwide, and out of them 17 m Ha in China, 1,4 m Ha in India, 0.7 m Ha in Vietnam, and Bangladesh both. First commercial barley hybrids on the base of trisomics were realized in USA, and then did in Europe. Nowadays winter barley hybrids are listed in many European countries, they market share is 9% of the total crop acreage. Hybrid triticale breeding with chemical hybridization agent (CHA), and then with T. timopheevii cytoplasm were initiated in 80th of XX century. Saatzucht Dr. Hege GbR has registered the first triticale hybrids in Germany and France. Hybrid cereals acreage in European countries is close to 1.9 m Ha.
Keywords: Cereals, hybrids, CMS, chemical hybridization agent
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-72-89-92

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Authors:

1. Goncharov Sergey Vladimirovich, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, Plant breeding and seed production Chair, Federal State Educational Establishment "Emperor Peter I Voronezh State Agrarian University".
2. Kostov Kostadin Vasiliev, DSc in Agriculture, Wheat Breeding Project Lead, LLC Syngenta.