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2022, № 99

UDC: 631.81
GSNTI: 68.29.07

The effect of long-term use of fertilizers and irrigation on the yield of winter wheat for rotation of crop rotation due to weather and climatic conditions

The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the systematic use of different fertilizer systems on the yield of winter soft wheat during the seventh rotation of the crop rotation (2010-2019) in the 1948 experiment on ordinary carbonate chernozem in the steppe zone of the Central Caucasus in connection with climate change. The article presents data on weather and climatic conditions for the years of rotation during the growing seasons of the crop. It has been established that with natural humidification, the prevailing weather and climatic conditions are the key ones. The effectiveness of the applied fertilizer systems for the seventh rotation of crop rotation (2010-2019) in the 1948 experiment was determined against the background of natural moisture and irrigation on ordinary carbonate chernozem in the steppe zone of the Central Caucasus. It was revealed that in the dry years (2012, 2019), the effect of the recommended mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems used was equivalent and the smallest - 27.9-35.1 c/ha. With an increase in the amount of precipitation, the yield of winter wheat increased and amounted to 58.1- 65.1 c/ha against the background of the same fertilizers (2014). Irrigation together with the recommended mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems in these years allowed obtaining of 28.6-37.2 c/ha, and in 2014 - 58.4-68.2 c/ha. The yield of winter wheat for rotation in the control variants averaged 23.2-23.5 c/ha, and against the background of the systematic use of different fertilizer systems was within the limits: 44.7-49.4 c/ha on the bogar, 75-80% HB - 44.7-53.9 c/ha under irrigation. In all the years of rotation, the yield of winter wheat was higher in option 8 with the use of a calculated organic-mineral fertilizer system for irrigation - from 33.8 c/ha in a dry year to 69.8 c/ha (the highest yield) - in a wetter one. The research carried out in the experiment has theoretical and practical significance, since the data obtained can be used for modeling and further forecasting changes in soil fertility, as well as for obtaining crop yields of a given quantity and quality. The obtained research results are annually provided to the Geographical Network of experiments with Fertilizers and Agrochemicals of the Russian Federation to replenish the federal information database of long-term stationary experiments.
Keywords: Central Pre-Caucasus, steppe zone, weather and climatic conditions, long stationary experience, crop rotation, rotation, mineral and organic fertilizers, irrigation, winter wheat, yielding capacity.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-99-121-129

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Authors:

1. Kushkhabiev Aslanbek Zulembievich, PhD in Agriculture, leading researcher, Institute of Agriculture Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
2. Sarbasheva Asiyat Idrisovna, Senior Researcher, Institute of Agriculture Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
3. Batyrova Olga Aleksandrovna, PhD in Agriculture, Senior Researcher, Institute of Agriculture Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
4. Gazheva Rada Anatolyevna, researcher, Institute of Agriculture Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
5. Konova Sarina Ruslanovna, Junior Researcher, Institute of Agriculture Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.