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2022, № 98

UDC: 634.224:631.526.1/.4:631.527
GSNTI: 68.35.53

Source material for use in the selection of Russian plum (P. rossica Erem.)

In the current political conditions, import substitution is a priority for fruit crop breeders. Sustainable horticulture cannot operate without a diverse domestic assortment that meets consumer demand. In the agricultural business segment, large-fruited plum varieties are in demand, with a long storage period, resistance to adverse factors, where winter hardiness and drought resistance are limiting, as well as high taste and commercial qualities of fruit products. Chinese plum varieties (P. salicina Lindl.) have such qualities, but there are no suitable climatic conditions for the cultivation of this type of plum in the South of Russia, which leads to a very frequent frequency of fruiting of this crop. Varieties of Russian plum (P. rossica Erem.) have a number of valuable qualities and are well cultivated in the North Caucasus, the Volga region and other, colder regions. Russian plum varieties are productive and more adaptable to growing conditions, which makes this culture unique. At the Crimean OSS - a branch of VIR from 2019 to 2021 work was carried out on the creation and study of new hybrids of the Russian plum, using diploid species of the genus Prunus L as the source material. The elites from the hybridization of the Russian plum with varieties, mainly Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.), as well as species of microcherry (P. pumila (L.) Erem. et Yushev) and apricot (P. dasycarpa Pers.). These are large-fruited forms with dense (cartilaginous) pulp, good taste and keeping quality of fruits, high productivity and adaptability, as well as suitability for cultivation using intensive technologies. A genealogical analysis of elites and donor varieties promising for breeding programs, which have a selection-significant sign of large-fruitedness, as well as high taste and canning qualities of fruits, was carried out. 5 elite hybrids are recommended for testing: 16/2-52-1, 17/2-5-57, 17/2-7-90, 17/2-5-86, 17/2-29-122.
Keywords: Hybrid, russian plum, chinese plum, large-fruitedness, adaptability, productivity, genealogical analysis, production test, south of Russia.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-98-76-80

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Authors:

1. Dedova Alena Evgenievna, PhD student, Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station - Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources”.
2. Eremin Gennady Viktorovich, DSc in Agriculture, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station - Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources”.