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2022, № 98

UDC: 633.853:665.347.97
GSNTI: 68.35.37

Variety testing of Carthamus tinctorius in Crimea and the possibility of obtaining biofuel

Climate change has drawn attention to possible threats to global food security and the importance of growing heat and drought tolerant crops. Day-by-day, the total energy consumption is increasing significantly due to the global population growth, rise in production capacity as a result of industrialization and technological development. The purpose of our research was twofold: conduct a variety testing of Carthamus tinctorius L. under conditions of the central steppe of Crimea; biofuel synthesis and methyl ether physicochemical parameters’ assessment. In 2020-2021, we have conducted a two-year field study under conditions of the central steppe of Crimea. Soil - chernozem southern low-humus micellar-calcareous on loess-like clays. C. tinctorius varieties of domestic breeding (Aleksandrit, Volgogradsky 15, Ershovsky 4, Zavolzhsky 1) served as the material for the research. On average, over the years of research, mentioned varieties formed yield at the level of 10.27-12.00 cwt/ha; fat content - 25.09-28.34%. The largest seeds formed varieties Ershovsky 4 (43.2 g), Aleksandrit (42.4 g), Zavolzhsky 1 (42.2 g). The highest oil yield per ha was recorded in varieties Aleksandrit and Ershovsky 4 - 2.84 and 2.89 cwt/ha, respectively. The synthesis of methyl ethers was carried out in the laboratory of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for the Use of Machinery and Oil Products in Agriculture (Tambov) on the homogeneous alkaline catalyst amounting 2% of the weight of the initial oil; alcohol (methanol) - 20% of the weight of oil. Reaction temperature - 55-60оC; synthesis time - 60 minutes. The physicochemical characteristics of the methyl ether obtained suggest that it can be used both as a fuel for diesel engines during the summer period, and as a component of mixed petroleum all year round.
Keywords: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), yield, oil content, variety, biofuel, methyl ether.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-98-120-125

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Authors:

1. Turina Elena Leonidovna, PhD in Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea".
2. Kornev Alexey Yurievich, PhD in Technology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for the use of machinery and oil products in agriculture".