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    2022, № 101

    UDC: 633.15:577.122.5:581.14
    GSNTI: 68.43.31

    Molecular genetic aspects of biosynthesis and starch accumulation in corn endosperm

    Corn is a valuable material for scientific research in genetics and breeding, due to the impressive size of the genome and the high level of DNA polymorphism. The main goal was to summarize the results of scientific research on genetics, molecular biology, as well as selection of the quality and quantity of corn grains, which are of particular value in the selection of the most valuable corn genotypes by starch content, for further breeding in order to obtain high-quality and productive corn lines and hybrids. Understanding starch biosynthesis and its relationship with structure and functionality is of great interest, as it is a prerequisite for purposeful improvement of corn quality. Studies related to the study of genetic polymorphism of starch biosynthesis genes in corn are necessary for the development of new lines and hybrids with an increased content of amylopectin in grain. As of today, great progress has been made in the study of biochemistry and mechanisms of starch synthesis: wax germ plasma has been characterized using simple repeating sequences (SSR markers) distributed throughout the gene; new mutant alleles of the wax corn gene have been identified; molecular biological analyses of polymorphism of starch biosynthesis genes in corn lines have been carried out; analysis of starch, amylose, amylopectin content in grain; work on the development of corn hybrids rich in amylopectin or amylose, depending on agricultural preferences; data sets on proteomics were created to study the accumulation system of numerous proteins that are responsible for the synthesis of starch in corn.
    Keywords: Corn, starch, starch biosynthesis, amylose, amylopectin, waxy, endosperm.
    DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-101-73-85

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    Authors:

    1. Kanukova Kristina Ruslanovna, PhD in Agriculture, researcher, Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences".
    2. Bogotova Zalina Ihsanovna, PhD in Biology, associate professor, Head of the Laboratory, Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the RAS"; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian SU".
    3. Khaudov Aliy-Bek Danilbekovich, researcher, Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"; Branch of the Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" OF KBSC RAS.
    4. Arkhestova Janet Hazretalievna, Junior Researcher, Branch of the FSBRC "Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “V.M. Kokov Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University”.
    5. Khagabanova Milana Mukhamedovna, PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Federal Scientific Center "Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences".
    6. Belyi Alexandr Ivanovich, PhD in Agriculture, assistant professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.

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