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2022, № 97

UDC: 634.13:634.11:631.526.32
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Introduction and prospects of use in breeding of Azerbaijani pear and apple varieties in the Crimea

The results of the study present a collection of pear and apple varieties of Azerbaijani breeding under conditions of the Crimean steppe. The work aims to identify promising samples that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors and high-quality fruits for use in breeding work. The objects of research were 12 varieties of pear and 9 varieties of apple. Field observations and accounting of economic and biological signs (winter hardiness, flowering time, resistance to diseases, drought, yield, and fruit quality) were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The data obtained indicate a high drought and disease resistance level of most of the studied varieties, but insufficient winterization. The varieties of pears differ at the beginning of flowering, so that in years with back frosts there is a death of the generative organs in greater measure than in late flowering. Apple varieties mainly bloom in the middle and late periods and, as a result, are extremely rarely damaged by returning frosts. The pear varieties are fruit-bearing for 4 to 6 years, and the yield ranges from 56 to 267 centner per hectare (control 127 centner/hectare). Apple varieties begin to bear fruit for 3-5 years after planting in the garden, the yield varies between 47-167 c / ha (control 80 c / ha). The varieties of pears Al-Yanag and Mahsuldar and apple trees Cuban Saffron and Yashil Alma were distinguished by consistently high and regular harvests. The studied varieties differ significantly in fruit quality: weight, consistency of the flesh, taste, and storage duration. The pear varieties are for the most part greater than the control variety “Nadezhda Step” in the weight of the fruit, but less in its flavour. There are three varieties of pears: Azad, Lyatifa, and Yadigar, and three varieties of apple trees: Azerbaydzhanskoe, Babek, and Yashil Alma with high-quality fruits. The pear varieties Azad, Al-Yanag, Lyatifa, Yadigar, and the apple trees varieties Azerbaydzhanskoe, Cosmos, Mehti Dzhary, and Yashil Alma were characterized by a complex of economically valuable traits. They can be sources of some valuable traits in breeding work.
Keywords: Pear, apple, variety, resistance, flowering time, yield, fruit quality.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-97-34-39

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Authors:

1. Baskakova Valentina Leodorovna, researcher of laboratory of steppe horticulture, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".
2. Atazhanova Ekaterina Vadimovna, PhD student, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".