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2022, № 100

UDC: 635.21:631.527(470.56)
GSNTI: 34.31.27, 34.31.25

Study of promising breeding hybrids for the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

Analysis and selection of breeding hybrids according to the declared characteristics in the conditions of a certain zone of cultivation - occupies a leading place in breeding work. Obtaining new promising varieties of potatoes is an important task facing breeders. According to researchers, during the economic crisis and sanctions, the main tool in solving the problem of ensuring the country's food security is currently import substitution. Import substitution primarily provides for an increase in the output of domestic products while reducing the import of goods from abroad. Increasing the competitiveness and export potential of Russian goods in the global food market is the goal of import substitution. The purpose of the study is to analyze samples and select the most promising and adapted to the conditions of the Southern Urals potato hybrids from the studied breeding material. The study of the potential for the formation of yield and susceptibility to the main common pathogens in breeding potato hybrids was carried out on an irrigated plot of the KFH "Khomutsky V.I." Perevolotsky district of the Orenburg region in 2019-2022. The soil cover of the experimental plot is southern chernozem, medium-humus, medium-thick. The objects of the study were 16 breeding hybrids - 13.10.11, 10.76.1, 14.26.5, 10.67, 13.20.101, 13.02.9, 95.5.2-5, 13.32.1, 12.2.8, M 14.17.48, M 14.18 .9, M 14.07.06, M 14.07.08, M 14.13, M 14.16.25, M 14.21.11 and standard grade Nevsky. Of the 16 hybrids studied over 3 years of testing, only 61% form a yield higher than that of the standard variety, the remaining 39% are much lower. During the same period, 25% of the studied hybrids were affected by common pathogens, the maximum damage to potato tubers by stolon rot was observed in breeding hybrids: М 14.13 (1,1%), 12.2.8 (0,5%) and 13.20.101 (0,5%), common scab 13.20.101 (1,5%) and 12.2.8 (0,4%). As a result of the work, a promising potato breeding material for further work was identified, combining low damage with increased productivity - M 14.07.08 (54,2 t/ha), M 14.18.9 (36,7 t/ha).
Keywords: Hybrid, potatoes, productivity, marketability, pathogen.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-100-144-149

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Authors:

1. Mushinskiy Alexander Alexeevich, DSc in Agriculture, associate professor, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS".
2. Saudabaeva Aliia Zhonisovna, PhD in Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS".