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2021, № 91

UDC: 633.174.1: 633.62
GSNTI: 68.35.03

The use of heterosis in the breeding of sorgian crops for the conditions of the Lower Volga Region

The aim of the study was to study the combining ability of varieties and lines of sugar sorghum in test crosses according to plant height; assessment of true and competitive heterosis and identification of highly heterotic hybrids. According to the research results, it was found that, on average, over five years, the following breeding lines distinguished themselves by their height: L-448, L-452, L-490, L-491, L-498, L-515, L-516, L-517, L -522, L-525, L-620, L-642, L-821, L-931, since they significantly exceeded the standard Volzhskoe 51 by 10,1-22,1%. The coefficient of variation of the trait "plant height" of the selection lines of sugar sorghum over the years of study varied in the range from 22,3 to 23,55%. The study of hybrids in 2018-2019 showed that there is an excess of the plant height of the generation of F1 hybrids. In 2018, the A2ZhVI / L-491 combination should be noted, which exceeded the standard by 20,4% for the studied trait. By the value of true heterosis in the first generation hybrids, it was found that positive heterosis in 2018 was detected in 23 combinations out of 70, that is, 32,90%. The share of positive heterosis in 2019 was 29,35%, that is, 27 combinations out of 92. In 2018, positive competitive heterosis manifested itself more strongly - 52,8% than in 2019 - 45,4%. Sugar sorghum breeding lines: L-498, L-499, L-515, L-520, L-830, L-620, L-642 is characterized by high dispersion of SCS and can be recommended as promising forms in breeding for heterosis. It is advisable to include the following lines in breeding programs for crosses for heterosis in plant height: L-491, L-830, L-620, L-642, L-821. To create mid-ripening tall hybrids, it is recommended to use grain sorghum as parental forms of the CMS line: A2MEV, A2ZhVI, A2MZhV; as pollinators - L-489, L-490, L-499, L-515, L-516, L-642.
Keywords: Sugar sorghum, heterosis, testers, pollinators, plant height.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-91-51-57

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Authors:

1. Vertikova Elena Aleksandrovna, DSc in Agriculture, Professor; Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State Agrarian University - FSFEI of HE "Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev".
2. Pylnev Vladimir Valentinovich, DSc in Biology, professor, head. Department; Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State Agrarian University - FSFEI of HE "Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev".