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2020, № 84

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Responsibility of modern varieties of spring wheat for various lighting intensity

The article is devoted to the study in spring wheat of grade features of plant response to different modes of illumination intensity and the development of a method of selection of light-loving genotypes for use in selection. Modern varieties of spring wheat differ significantly in the intensity of leaf photosynthesis. The range of genotypic change of the characteristic in 2017 was 9,65-16,35, in 2018 9,55-21,42, in 2019 8,73-17,15 μmol CO2/m2s. The most significant genetic differences are recorded in the phase of coking and dairy ripeness. In the coking and tube exit phases, varieties with high photosynthesis intensity were 28,0% superior to those with low photosynthesis intensity, in the milky ripeness phase by 31,0%. The most active assimilate molecules СО2 from the air is the flag leaf of spring wheat plants. During the period of grain formation in the intensity of photosynthesis it exceeded the pre-flage leaf on average by 1.6 times, and the lower leaf - by 2,8 times. Special studies have confirmed the high dependence of photosynthesis intensity of spring wheat plant leaves on illumination intensity. Thus, with an increase in illumination intensity from 300 to 1000 μmol/m2s, the intensity of flag sheet photosynthesis increased by 89,0% on average, and by 14,0% above 1000 mkmol/m2s. This shows pronounced grade differences. Of the classes studied, the most responsive to solar conditions is the Darya variety, in which the total light saturation of photosynthesis was observed only at 1800 μmol/m2s. The correlation coefficient between photosynthesis and illumination intensity was 0,93 in culture varieties. According to the results of the research, a method of selecting light-loving genotypes of spring wheat was developed (Russian Patent А01Н 2694197, 1/04, 2018), the purpose of which is to evaluate the express method and select light-loving genotypes of spring wheat for subsequent use in selection.
Keywords: Physiology, breeding, rate of photosynthesis, spring wheat, rate of illumination.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-84-26-31

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Authors:

1. Amelin Alexander Vasilievich, DSc in Agriculture, Head; Research Center "Plant Genetic Resources and their Use", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parahin”.
2. Chekalin Evgeny Ivanovich, PhD of Agriculture, Senior Researcher; Research Center "Plant Genetic Resources and their Use", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parahin”.
3. Zaikin Valery Vasilievich, PhD of Agriculture, Junior Researcher; Research Center "Plant Genetic Resources and their Use", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parahin”.
4. Ikusov Roman Alexandrovich, PhD student; Research Center "Plant Genetic Resources and their Use", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parahin”.