Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2018, № 75

UDC: 633.31/37.635.65
GSNTI: 68.35.29

Physiological processes of seeds germination of grain leguminous crops and their influence on the productivity of plants

Seeds are the germ of a future plant with a supply of nutrients for its initial development. Spare nutrients are expended both for building the sprout's body and its growth, and for the various biochemical reactions accompanying the growth processes. A certain part of seed reserve nutrients is a source of energy for the realization of the physiological processes taking place in the plant organism. It is of interest to determine the dry matter consumption of seeds to overcome soil layers, depending on crop type, initial mass of seeds, depth of seeding, soil temperature and moisture. Of particular interest is comparison of the consumption of the dry matter of the seed with the bearing cotyledons (soybean) and not tolerated ones (pea) during germination. Until transition to autotrophic type of nutrition sprouts of peas and soybeans grow and develop due to the reserve nutrients of the seed. To overcome 5cm layer of soil soybean spends an average of 18-20% of the weight of the seed, peas - 13-14%. As the depth of the embankment increases, the dry matter consumption increases by 28-33%, respectively. In seeds with a lower initial mass, the relative consumption of dry matter to overcome the same soil layer is twice that of large seeds. Cultures that carry cotyledons to the surface of the soil spend 8-7% more energy to overcome the same soil layer than non-tolerant ones. More complete seedlings, obtained from large seeds at the optimum depth of embedding, later turn into well-developed plants that form a higher-quality crop. The effectiveness of such crops is increased by 8-12%.
Keywords: Peas, soy, consumption of dry matter, physiological processes, yield, quality
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-75-81-85

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Authors:

  1. Nazarova Asiyat Arsenovna, PhD student, FGBOU VO "V.M. Kokov Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University".
  2. Knyazev Boris Muzakirovich, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, FGBOU VO "V.M. Kokov Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University".