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2018, № 73

UDC: 634.25/26 :131.529 : 727.64 (477.75)
GSNTI: 68.35.53

Introduction and use of american peach cultivars in Nikita botanical gardens

The article presents the results of introduction of North American peach cultivars and of research on them. Within the framework of gene pool scientific interchange, Nikita Botanical Garden received American cultivars from US nurseries and research institutes during the years 1928 to 1960. Hereafter, the cultivars came through third countries: Australia, Bulgaria, Moldova, Yugoslavia. By means of introduction, the Nikita Botanical Gardens created an American peach gene pool, consisting of 101 cultivars. Their research was focused on the complex of economically important traits: blossom and ripening periods, yield capacity, fruit quality, hardiness and resistance to diseases. 14 cultivars with the best traits (particularly with a good fruit quality) were selected for inclusion in breeding programs: Gaume Cling, Greensboro, Golden Jubilee, Cardinal, Collins, Vainqueur, Belle of Georgia, Early Elberta, Red Bird Cling, Redhaven, Triumph, Thurber, Champion and Elberta. 97 new peach cultivars were originated through the breeding with the use of hybrid seeds. 26 of them with the best economically important traits were forwarded to the state service of varieties test and released for Crimea, North Caucasus, Moldova, Ukraine and Central Asian republics. Hitherto, 11 NBG cultivars: Karnavalniy, Krymskiy Diamant, Lakomiy, Naryadniy Nikitskiy, Nikitskiy Podarok, Podarok Like, Rodzinka, Soprano, Temisovskiy, Ulyubleniy, Yuzhnaya Garmoniya were entered in the Russian State Register of Breeding Achievements and patented in Russian Federation.
Keywords: Peach, introduction, North American cultivars, hybridization, breeding, new cultivars
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-195-199

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Authors:

1. Smykov Anatoliy Vladimirovich, DSc in Agriculture, Sen. Researcher, Head of the Department of Fruit Crops, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".
2. Fedorova Ol'ga Stepanovna, Researcher at the Department of Fruit Crops, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".
3. Ivashchenko Yuliya Aleksandrovna, senior scientist at the department of fruit crops, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".