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2018, № 73

UDC: 634.21/226:551.58(477.75)
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Influence of insolation on the productivity of leaf system and water regime of the apricot and cherry-plum under anomalous weather conditions

The article covers study results of correlation between water regime, accumulation and spending of dry substance in leaves of different crop capacity of apricot cultivars (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) and cherry-plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehr.), and principal agrometeorological factors such as insolation regime foremost. Measure of solar radiation was chosen length (number of hours) of sunshine (LS). The purpose of the study was to search for hydrothermal optima that could supply high productivity of mentioned crops, while immediate tasks was to evaluate heavy drought affect on plants in 1993-1994. Study objects were chosen apricot cultivars Kostinsky (Lunnik), high-yielding, Salut with low crop capacity, and cherry-plum cultivars as follows: Obilnaya - high-yielding, and Inostranka - low-yielding. Observations were carried out on South Coast of the Crimea, where climate is dry with mild winter, subtropical for convenience. Light-requiring apricot cultivar Salut presented positive balance of dry substance on fair days with some clouds. While apricot cultivar Kostinsky and both cherry-plum ones showed accumulation of dry substance in leaves in a wide range of sunshine length. The highest growth of the dry substance (9,8-12,3 g/m2 per decade) was fixed in leaves of Kostinsky apricot cultivar in period with fair weather. Leaves of cherry-plum cultivar Obilnaya, quite the contrary, assimilated better on cloudy days. In this way length of insolation doesn`t effect on leaves watering of study cases. Therefore capacity of leaves to realize assimilation under conditions of different sunshine length values provides higher cultivar productivity in comparison with those which yielding is realized within short range of environmental conditions. Allowing for ecological optimum of leaf apparatus activity it makes possible to select regions where each cultivar could develop its reserve capacity in full.
Keywords: Varieties of apricot, varieties of cherry-plum, anomalous weather, water regime of the plant, accumulation and spending of the dry material in leaves
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-17-20

References:

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Authors:

1. Antyufeyev Victor Vasilyevich, research worker, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".
2. Gorina Valentina Milentyevna, DSc in Agriculture, head. Laboratories of southern, fruit crops, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".
3. Shishkina Elena Leonidovna, Phd in Agriculture, Sen. Research, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science".