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2018, № 73

UDC: 631.527: 58.036.5 (634.21)
GSNTI: 68.35.53

Comparative assessment of apricot seedlings for winter hardiness in the mountainous conditions of the Dagestan

The article presents the results of the field evaluation of apricot seedlings of different eco-geographical origin (26 samples) for winter hardiness for the period 2014-2017. All the samples studied were conditionally divided into groups: "Dagestan's cultural" including varieties and forms derived from Dagestan; "Dagestan wild" - samples from natural populations; "Tajik" - wild forms from Tajikistan and varieties of breeding NBS-NSC RAS (Yalta) and GBS RAS (Moscow) - "European". The greatest winter hardiness was established for seedlings of European varieties (freezing 0-1.9 points), of which the best winter hardiness donors were Alesha and Tsarskiy varieties of Moscow breeding (GBS RAS), the smallest - Dagestan varieties and forms (3.1-5.7 points). The similarities between natural samples and cultivars and forms of Dagestan have been established, namely, seedlings belonging to both groups have a low winter hardiness characteristic of the Iran-Caucasian eco-geographical group. Based on the results of a two-factor analysis of the "sample-condition of the year" complex of factors, their effect on the freezing of shoots was established, the strength of which (h2) was 22.3% and 7.0%, respectively. On the basis of the work done, prospective genotypes resistant to unfavorable factors of the winter period were selected to be involved in further genetic and selection work. In natural populations with increasing altitude above sea level, the percentage of winter-hardy genotypes of apricot increases, which is associated with a possible selection in nature to increase resistance to unfavorable winter factors. Based on the results of the work, promising genotypes resistant to unfavorable factors of the winter period were selected to be involved in further genetic and selection work.
Keywords: Apricot, seedlings, winter hardiness, eco-geographical groups, Dagestan
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-12-16

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Authors:

1. Anatov Dzhalaludin Magomedovich, DSc in Biology, senior researcher; Laboratory of Flora and Plant resources, Federal State Budgetary Establishment of the Science Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences.
2. Osmanov Ruslan Malikovich, junior researcher; Laboratory of Flora and Plant resources, Federal State Budgetary Establishment of the Science Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences.