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2017, № 66

UDC: 631.527:633.11:633.14:633.16
GSNTI: 68.35.29

Speed of Adaptation of Breeding Innovations: Hybrid Cereals

Advantages and disadvantages of cereal hybrids are discussed as an example of innovation introduction to the agriculture. The market needs new varieties with high addingvalue, i.e., innovation (with competitive advantage compared to existing analogies). The effect of heterosis of hybrid seeds is demonstrated via better development of the root system, and soil moisture and nitrogen uptake. Public organizations and scientists criticize hybrids due to the negative effects on cellular structures; the risk of dependence on seed companies; ethical problems associated with interference in the biology of flowering plants, and the role of seed as production tool; due to a genetic "exhaustion" from recessive gene loses in CMS-system. There are 5 m ha of winter barley, 2,3 m ha of winter rye and 25 m ha of winter wheat hybrids occupied 40,9% and 1%, respectively, in the adaptation rate of 1,3%, 0,6% and 0,1% per year in Europe (excluding CIS). Acreage of cross-pollinated rye has been halvedin Germany for the last 10 years, but rye hybrid varieties one have stabilized. The speed adaptation is under influence of average crop yields and margin, flexibility of the legislative framework, agribusiness support, capturing an adding value in the supply chain. There is reserved attitude to innovations in Russia due to State regulation of the agricultural sector, low yields, the dominance of agro-holdings. At the same time, the country urgently needs to improve productivity and profitability.
Keywords: Breeding, cereals, innovations, hybrids, heterosis, efficiency
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-66-66-69

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Authors:

1. Goncharov Sergey Vladimirovich, Dr. of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Department of plant breeding and seed production, FSEE "Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter I".
2. Kostov Kostadin Vasil'ev, Doctor of Sciences, Wheat Breeding Project Lead, LLC "Syngenta".