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2017, № 66

UDC: 633.12:581.144.4:581.132
GSNTI: 68.35.03

The intensity of photosynthesis of leaves of plants of buckwheat in connection with breeding for high and stable yields

In the conditions of field and greenhouse experiments on intact plants first studied peculiarities to changes of the rate of photosynthesis leaves buckwheat for the breeding period from the local population to the best of modern varieties. It is shown that the rate of photosynthesis increased significantly (by an average of 16,9%) in modern varieties, mainly during the formation of the fruit in the time before midday - 9 to 11 am. Breeding of buckwheat aimed at increasing the rate of photosynthesis is effective, and it can be carried out by hybridization and intrapopulation selection. It is concluded that the photosynthetic activity of the leaves of plants buckwheat plays an important role in achieving higher crop yield by breeding. It is therefore advisable to carry out the breeding of new varieties on the basis of both traditional and new methods, which should include an assessment of buckwheat genotypes by features of potency and efficacy of the use of sunlight in the production process plant. Work in this area can be quite effective, because the gene pool of a culture characterized by a wide range of variability in photosynthetic rates. During the research interval genotypic variation of rate of photosynthesis in leaves of fruit formation phase was at the plant within 4-16 μmol CO2 / m2s. With this in mind, from a population of buckwheat accessions P 109 was carried out purposeful breeding of plants at the rate of photosynthesis in the leaves during the mass fruit formation and ripening of seeds, thereby creating promising determinate, high-yielding, mid gradevarietyDasha and in 2015 transferred to the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Selection Achievements Test and Protection.
Keywords: Buckwheat, cultivar, breeding, intrapopulation selection, the rate of photosynthesis
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-66-32-37

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Authors:

1. Amelin Alexander Vasilyevich, senior researcher of Research Centre "Plant genetic resources and their use", the Cand. of Agricultural Sciences, Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin.
2. Chekalin Evgeny Ivanovich, Cand. S.-. Sciences, ml. Researcher, Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin.
3. Zaikin Valery Vasilyevich, Dr. Biol. Sciences, head. A laboratory for the selection of cereals, Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin.
4. Fesenko Alexey Nikolaevich, , All-Union Research Institute of leguminous and cereal crops.