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2021, № 92

UDC: 634.1: 631.52
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Modern world trends of development of apple breeding

Modern world trends in the development of apple breeding are associated with the problem of improving the assortment - a continuous process in connection with the constantly growing requirements of producers and consumers for new varieties, which leads to the need to create genotypes that combine long-term resistance to fungal pathogens, high quality and environmental safety of fruits. The aim of the study is to create genetic resources for breeding studies aimed at enhancing the signs of long-term resistance to fungal pathogens (scab, powdery mildew, phylostictosis) and the formation of improved consumer qualities of fruits based on the mobilization of the genetic diversity of the genus Malus Mill., the use of a comprehensive phenotypic assessment, DNA-marker and information technologies. To carry out the research work, the programs and methods of selection and variety study were used, generally accepted and developed with the participation of the authors. Based on the results of many years of studying representatives of the genus Malus Mill. Valuable sources for breeding for long-term resistance to fungal pathogens (scab, powdery mildew, phyllostictosis) were identified, on the basis of which a database of genetic resources was formed. The created database of FSBSI NCFSCHVW of genetic resources Malus Mill. includes data on species and ecological-geographical origin of samples, status, originator, main agrobiological characteristics, cytological features, data of molecular DNA analysis. The database includes the digitization of the selected samples by a complex of morphological characters according to the international UPOV methodology (32 samples by 57 characters). The obtained results of fundamental research related to the study of genetic, cytological, morphological, economic and biological characteristics and characteristics of complex interspecific forms and grades of apple trees of various ecological and geographical origin and the creation of a publicly accessible database of a new initial selection-valuable material are promising for use in order to create a competitive domestic adaptive apple assortment.
Keywords: Grade, apple-tree, selection, database, resistance, fungal diseases.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-92-177-182

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Authors:

1. Ulyanovskaya Elena Vladimirovna, DSc in Agriculture, Head of Laboratory; Laboratory of Variety study and Breeding of Garden crops, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
2. Belenko Evgenia Anatolievna, Junior Research Associate; Laboratory of Variety study and Breeding of Garden crops, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".