Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2021, № 92

UDC: 579.64:632.9
GSNTI: 68.03.07

Bacillus velezensis bacteria potential for protect plants from fungal phytopathogenous infection

The ability of bacteria of the genus Bacillus to produce many secondary metabolites of various chemical nature determines their suppressive qualities in relation to a wide list of phytopathogens. Cyclic lipopeptides of rhizobacteria are multifunctional secondary metabolites involved in developmental processes such as motility and biofilm formation, in biocontrol based not only on antimicrobial activity, but also on the ability to act as elicitors of plant resistance. Biologically active metabolites were isolated from the supernatant of liquid culture and cell structures of bacteria of two strains B. velezensis BZR 336g and BZR 517, which are promising for the development of a biological product, which have antifungal properties and can also act as elicitors of plant systemic resistance. Purification of bacterial metabolites was carried out by the method of ascending thin layer chromatography, which was modified by the authors. The metabolites isolated during the experiment were analyzed using ultraviolet radiation. The analysis of antifungal activity was carried out by the authors by the method of bioautography (also modified by the authors) using two test cultures of phytopathogenic fungi. The use of three antifungal lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin A, fengicin from Sigma-Aldrich) made it possible to determine the structure of the isolated metabolites. The use of three antifungal lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin A, fengicin from Sigma-Aldrich) made it possible to determine the structure of the isolated metabolites. This made it possible, by comparing the results obtained with the work of the researchers of this issue, to obtain assumptions about the mechanism of action of the strains under study: bacterial strains B. velezensis BZR 336g and BZR 517 can be considered as producers of biological products that carry out biological control of plant diseases both by direct inhibition of the pathogen, and and by inducing plant defense mechanisms. The ability of bacteria of strains B. velezensis BZR 336g and BZR 517 to produce three families of lipopeptides, including fengicins, surfactins and iturins, each of which consists of several homologues and exhibits different antimicrobial characteristics, increases their antifungal potential due to the manifestation of the synergistic effect of lipopeptides.
Keywords: Bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi, chromatography, bioautography, surfactin, iturin, fengicin.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-92-127-135

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Authors:

  1. Sidorova Tatyana Mikhailovna, Phd in Biology, senior researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection".
  2. Allakhverdyan Valeria Vazgenovna, junior researcher, postgraduate student, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection".
  3. Asaturova Angela Mikhailovna, Phd in Biology, head. laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection".
  4. Dubyaga Valentina Mikhailovna, junior researcher, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection".