Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2021, № 91

UDC: 581.2:631.5:631.526.32633.18:631.559:631.84:632:633.18
GSNTI: 68.37, 68.37.05, 68.37.31

Prediction of the development of epiphytotics Pyricularia Orizae Cav. in rice growing areas of the Krasnodar Territory

Rice is the most valuable, important and high-yielding grain crop. The increase in rice cereal production is constrained by a number of factors, one of which is rice disease and, above all, blast disease, which is common in most rice-growing countries. The increase in rice blast epiphytoties in all rice-growing regions of the world is explained, first of all, by the introduction of new technologies involving the use of high doses of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers. When plants are overfeeding with nitrogen, the disease develops most intensively. Over the decades of rice cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory, a 10-12 year cycle in the occurrence of blast epiphytoties has been noted. In recent years, this pathogen has begun to appear on crops every year. Domestic and world experience in rice cultivation shows that the protection of rice should be based on complex systems of measures, which are based on resistant varieties. The development of disease-resistant varieties provides for an objective assessment of the resistance of varieties at all stages of breeding. Monitoring studies make it possible to develop models that take into account the advancement of the parasite and its pressure on rice cenosis, and also make it possible to build an expert system that optimizes plant protection against blast disease and can be used to study the behavior of genotypes with different immunological parameters when creating a variety model. In the period from 2015-2020 in the infectious nursery, the immunological properties of 6,000 cultivars were studied. The nature of the manifestation of resistance to paniculate blast disease in the studied samples was unstable and varied from year to year. In the Krasnodar Territory, blast disease is observed annually and the resistance of the variety decreases with continuous cultivation due to the accumulation of pathogenic races of the harmful object, which are able to overcome the mechanisms of resistance of the host plant. Therefore, the basis for successful breeding of rice for blast resistance is the availability of starting material with a sufficiently wide spectrum and a high level of resistance.
Keywords: Blast disease, cultivar, resistance, immunological properties of cultivars, infectious nursery.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-91-36-40

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Authors:

  1. Bragina Olesya Anatol'evna, Phd in Biology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Rice".