Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2021, № 91

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Agrobiological assessment of the garlic collection in the Crimea

Garlic is one of the most popular onion crops in the world. It is valued for its specific smell and taste, for the content of trace elements and essential oils. Therefore, the use of garlic in food is of great health-improving importance, especially during epidemics of various diseases. The world leader in the cultivation of garlic is China. According to analysts, the production of garlic in this country in 2012 amounted to 20 million tons. It is followed by India, Korea and Egypt. In Russia, the share of garlic imports in the commodity market is 90-98%. There is almost no export. In the Crimea, the selection of garlic after the 70s of the 20th century was not carried out. Currently, only one Ukrainian variety of Lubasha is distributed here. Growing a monosort is risky, as its productivity depends on various environmental factors. In production, it is necessary to maintain an assortment of 4-5 varieties with different dependence on the cultivation conditions (soil, weather conditions, etc.). It is necessary to regularly - every 3-5 years to carry out variety renewal, which requires competent seed management of the varieties used. The unstable yield of garlic is caused by a number of factors that affect the yield of products (erroneous methods of selection of planting material, viral diseases and other factors). When creating garlic varieties, it is necessary to take into account the stability of the characteristics - increased yield and resistance to diseases. The aim of the research was to study the collection of garlic with the isolation of winter and spring samples with high adaptability and stability of characteristics for the conditions of the Crimea. The test results of 7 genotypes of winter garlic and 5 spring garlic showed a variety of source material. In the collection nursery, according to morphometric and economically valuable characteristics, samples were distinguished for the yield of winter garlic No. 11 and spring garlic No. 18 and 19 with an excess of st by 21 and by 20-30%. By reducing the sharpness (the amount of essential oils), a sample of winter garlic No. 9 was isolated (minus 21% to st). By increasing the content of the elements Cu, Zn, Fe, Se, the samples of winter garlic No. 12, 13 and spring garlic were marked by increasing the content of Zn and Fe-No. 18, 19 and Se No. 16, 18.
Keywords: Winter garlic, spring garlic, collection, morphometry, economically valuable characteristics, chemical composition.
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-91-228-233

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Authors:

  1. Nemtinov Viktor Illarionovich, DSc in Agriculture, Senior Research Associate, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Crimea".
  2. Pekhova Olga Antonovna, Phd in Agriculture, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Crimea".
  3. Timasheva Lidiya Alekseevna, Phd in Agriculture, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Crimea".
  4. Zubochenko Alla Anatol'evna, Senior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Crimea".