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2019, № 80

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Features of yield formation and grain quality of modern varieties of wheat spring

The article presents the results of many years of field research on the identification of spring wheat genotypes as a promising base material for creating varieties capable of forming a high, stable and high-quality grain yield. On average, over the years of testing (2014-2018), the interval of genotypic variation of grain mass per unit area in spring wheat ranged from 2.4 to 4.5 t/ha. It has been established that the formation of a higher yield in modern cultivars is closely related to the individual seed productivity of plants, the value of which is determined to a greater extent by the grazing of the spike, and not by the size of the formed grains. A close negative relationship has been confirmed between productivity and grain quality. The correlation coefficient of productivity with the protein content in the grain ranged from (-0.09) to (-0.87), with gluten - from (-0.06) to (-0.85). Therefore, it will be much more difficult to create new varieties of spring wheat, which form not only a high, but also a high-quality grain yield for food purposes, than for feed and technical use. In general, it was concluded that spring wheat has sufficient biological potentials to form a relatively high-quality grain yield in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia: protein content - 16.0% or more; gluten - from 28.0% and above, starch - from 63.0%, sedimentation - 60.0%. In the selection for food purposes of great interest are the varieties: Rima, Agata, Lyubava; and for feed and technical use - Chernozemnouralskaya, Joldyz, Bezenchukskaya 210.
Keywords: Spring wheat, breeding, variety, grain quality, protein, gluten, starch, sedimentation
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-80-133-138

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Authors:

1. Ikusov Roman Alexandrovich, Postgraduate Student, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".
2. Amelin Alexander Vasilyevich, DSc in Agriculture, professor, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".
3. Chekalin Evgeniy Ivanovich, Phd in Agriculture, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".
4. Zaikin Valery Vasilyevich, Phd in Agriculture, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin".
5. Mazalov Victor Ivanovich, DSc in Agriculture, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops.
6. Gorodov Vasily Timofeevich, Phd in Agriculture, Associate Professor, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorina».