Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2019, № 79

UDC: 634.11:631.543.2(470.6)
GSNTI: 68.35.53

Features of creation of compacted plantations of apple tree in the south of the European part of Russia: morphophysiological aspects

The studies are devoted to the morphological substantiation of the optimal distances between trees in a row in apple orchards on dwarf and semi- dwarf rootstocks, which accelerate the onset of fruiting and increase fruit yields in the southern region of Russia. The experiments were carried out in 2017-2019 in the irrigated plantations of apple trees on a stationary support, laid in the fall of 2016 at the training farm “Kuban”, Kuban GAU (Krasnodar, leached chernozem soil). The Kuban Bagryanoe apple variety cultivated on rootstocks: dwarf M 9 and semi-dwarf SK 2U was studied. Trees are placed according to the following schemes: 4×1.5 (1666 trees/ha - control); 4×1.0 m (2500 trees /ha); 4×0.5 m (5000 trees /ha). Formation - modified slender spindle. The concentration of indolylacetic acid in the tops of the shoots was determined by capillary electrophoresis. According to the results of the experiment, the greater the growth rate of trees of the varietal-rootstock combination of apple trees, the more they respond to sealing the placement by accelerating the onset of fruiting, increasing the efficiency of passing X-XI stages of organogenesis, and, as a result, increasing the economic yield. The stock has a noticeable effect on the formation and location of shoots in space, the ratio of the growth activity of extension shoots on the central conductor and lateral branches of the first branching order, which determine the compactness of the crown of trees, their shade tolerance and possible degree of compaction during planting. In the conditions of the southern region of Russia, the prospects of planting apple trees compaction of the Kuban Bagryanoe variety on a semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2U due to reducing the distance between trees in a row to 0.5 m are substantiated. In the case of using the same variety on a dwarf rootstock M 9 it is necessary less dense placement (after 1.0 m). The productivity of an apple tree in the indicated variants of experience already reaches the third year after laying a garden 26,5 and 9,8 t / ha, respectively.
Keywords: Plantations, apple tree, variety, stock, growth shoots, growth, crown, tree, shade tolerance, row, compaction, productivity
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-79-97-103

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Authors:

  1. Doroshenko Tatyana Nikolaevna, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, Deserved worker of sciences of Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin».
  2. Ryazanova Lyudmila Georgievna, Phd in Agriculture, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin».
  3. Gorbunov Igor Valerevich, Phd in Agriculture, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin».
  4. Gegechkori Bichiko Sergeevich, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin».
  5. Bozhkov Vasili Vasilevich, graduate student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin».