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2018, № 74

UDC: 633.18:631.5(470.620)
GSNTI: 68.35.29

Improvement of rice growing technology in sanitary zones (based on the practice of the experimental training farm “Kuban”)

When rice is grown in sanitary (buffer) zones, the use of chemical means of rice protection from weeds is considerably limited. The rice system of the Kuban Training Farm is located in the sanitary zone of Krasnodar. Here rice has been grown for a long time using zero herbicide technology obtaining rice shoots from under the water layer. The growth of Trapa maeotica Woronow and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. listed in the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory as vulnerable species (category 3) in the rice fields discharge canals is the evidence of the favorable ecological situation in the rice fields of the farm. However, the use of zero herbicide technology has led to the accumulation of weed forms of the red-grained rice that tolerate deep flooding during the shooting season better than cultivated rice varieties. Agrotechnical methods of elimination of the red-grained rice from the rice fields have been developed during our research including the same for the sanitary zones. After the main leveling the rice fields are flooded with a layer of water to provoke the emergence of weeds including red-grained rice. The rice sowing in the soybean, sunflower, winter wheat and rapeseed fallow fields has displayed that only wheat and rapeseed contribute to reduction of weeds. A lay-out for cleaning fields from weeds is proposed and tested. The activities are carried out in the following sequence: the main leveling with the subsequent flooding; sowing of winter wheat; fields flooding after harvest; sowing winter rapeseed for seed production; harvesting rapeseed with crushing vegetative matter; flooding fields to produce shoots of voluntary rapeseed and weeds; embedding green matter in the spring as a fertilizer; sowing rice. The implementation of the enumerated works with the triple flooding of the fields provides almost complete elimination of weeds in the topsoil of the rice systems without herbicides application. Such fields are quite suitable for elite rice seed production.
Keywords: Rice, winter wheat, rapeseed, weeds, red-grained rice, zero herbicide technology, sanitary zones
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-74-53-57

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Authors:

1. Zelensky Grigory Leonidovich, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
2. Chebotarev Mikhail Ivanovich, DSc in Engineering, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
3. Logoyda Timofey Vladimirovich, Phd in Agriculture, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
4. Zelenskaya Ol'ga Vsevolodovna, Phd in Biology, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
5. Salay Aleksey Vladimirovich, agronomist, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.