<<<  Back

2018, № 73

UDC: 634.1:631.52
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Accelerated creation of apple varieties with immunity to scab

Results of long-term studying of the grades and elite forms of an apple-tree (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of various origins growing in the conditions of the South region of Russia are presented. The aim of the study was the creation of new apple-varieties immune to scab varieties with a high quality of fruits adaptable to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. In work programs and techniques of selection, modern molecular and genetic methods of research are used. The СТАВ method which is characterized by use of cleaner of a tsetiltrimetilammoniybromid is applied to extraction of DNA. The modification of the СТАВ method developed of NCFSCHVW based on use of kollidon in concentration of 1% in the liziruyushchy buffer for fuller cleaning of tests of DNA of polyphenolic connections is used. The method of the DNA analysis is used for selection of genotypes of an apple-tree on genes: Vf - immunity to a scab; Md-PG1 - the pulp softening which is authentically influencing process at storage; Md-EXP7 - defining quality and density of pulp of fruits (especially alleles 198 and 202). As a result of many years of research, high-yielding varieties and elite forms of apple trees have been identified: Mihsan, Zarya Stavropolya, Modern, Kupava, St-04-18, 12/2-20-59, 12/2-21-65 and others, having improved qualitative characteristics of the fruit. The identification of the immunity gene to the Vf scab and the Md-PG1, Md-EXP7 genes, which determine the quality of the fruit, was carried out using molecular DNA analysis. It was revealed that all the studied samples of apple trees have immunity to the scab gene Vf. The elite form 12/2-20-59 is singled out for use in selection of apple trees for complex of signs "immunity to scab + fruit quality".
Keywords: Grade, apple-tree, selection, gene, DNA analysis
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-218-222

References:

1. Бунцевич, Л. Л. О программе развития питомниководства юга России / Л. Л. Бунцевич, Е. Л. Тыщенко, Н. Н. Сергеева // Плодоводство и виноградарство Юга России. - 2013. - № 23 (5). - 17 с.
2. Егоров, Е. А. Методические подходы к формированию системы оценки сорта и привойно-подвойной комбинации на соответствие критериям-признакам интенсивных технологий возделывания плодовых культур и винограда / Е. А. Егоров, Е. В. Ульяновская, Н. И. Ненько, Ж. А. Шадрина, И. А. Ильина // Научные труды СКЗНИИСиВ. - 2013. - Т. 1. - С. 9-29.
3. Программа и методика сортоизучения плодовых, ягодных и орехоплодных культур. - Орел, 1999. - 606 с.
4. Программа Северо-Кавказского центра по селекции плодовых, ягодных, цветочно-декоративных культур и винограда на период до 2030 года. - Краснодар, 2013. - 202 с.
5. Седов, Е. Н. Селекция и новые сорта яблони / Е. Н. Седов. - Орел: ВНИИСПК, 2011. - 624 с.
6. Современные методологические аспекты организации селекционного процесса в садоводстве и виноградарстве. - Краснодар, 2012. - 569 с.
7. Комплексный подход к отбору ценных генотипов яблони, устойчивых к стрессовым факторам среды / Е. В. Ульяновская, И. И. Супрун, С. В. Токмаков, Я. В. Ушакова // Плодоводство и виноградарство Юга России. - 2014. - № 25 (1). - С. 11-25.
8. Afunian, M. R. Linkage Vfa4 in Malus × domestica and Malus floribunda with Vf resistanse to the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis / M. R. Afunian, P. H. Goodwin, D. M. Hunter // Plant Pathology. - 2004. - V. 53. - P. 461-467.
9. Janick, J. History of the PRI apple breeding program / J. Janick // Acta Horticulturae. - 2002. - V. 595. - P. 55-60.
10. Murray, M. G. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA / M. G. Murray and W. F. Thompson // Nucleic Acids Research. - 1980. - V. 10. - P. 4321-4325.

Authors:

1. Ulyanovskaya Elena Vladimirovna, DSc in Agriculture, Head of the laboratory of cultivar study and breeding of horticultural crops, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
2. Suprun Ivan Ivanovich, Phd in Biology, Head of the laboratory of Genetics and Microbiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
3. Tokmakov Sergey Vyacheslavovich, Phd in Biology, researcher of the laboratory of Genetics and Microbiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
4. Bogdanovich Tatiana Valerevna, junior researcher of the laboratory of cultivar study and breeding of horticultural crops, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making".
5. Ermolenko Vitaliy Georgievich, Director, Stavropol Experimental Station for Horticulture, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center".