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2018, № 73

UDC: 634.1/7:631.42
GSNTI: 68.35.52

The influence of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) perennial monoculture on the seedling yield and quality

This paper contains the information about the apple continuous cropping impact on the seedling yield and quality. The target of research is the grafts, that were under cultivation in a growing bags filled with soils that have different extents of exhaustion. The subject matter is the yield and quality of the seedlings. The results of the experimental data allow for the conclusion that continuous cropping causes the significant (1,5 times more) reducing of the standard planting stock yield. The primary reason for this reduction is the phenol soil pollution, because phenols are the growth-stimulant blockers. An interval in the continuous cropping for at least two years can help eliminate this condition. The analysis showed that in the soil on which the apple seedlings were grown for five years, a high content of phenolic carboxylic acids (para- and oxicumaric), growth inhibitors. The substances that accelerate the decomposition of IAA oxidase include coumaric acids. In the presented material, in the control variant, i.e. in fresh soil, the content of these acids is much less than in the soil of a fatigued monoculture. The content of the same acids capable of slowing the decomposition of IAA oxidase (para- and hydroxybenzoic acid) in the control is greater than on the tired soil. The same regularity can be traced also in determining the content of phenol carboxylic acids in the roots and leaves of the seedlings. Preplant fertilization from the calculation of N90P60K60 does not relieve fatigue and is ineffective in the permanent cultivation of apple trees for a number of years. The group of phenolic compounds includes floresin. Its role in the life of plants has not been fully revealed. As a result of the research, the highest content was recorded in saplings grown on tired soil, in the root cortex (4,2), in leaves (4,3), stems (1,7%). In the control version, i.е. in plants grown on fresh soil, the content of floc-rubber is 2.1, respectively; 1.4; 1.3. The above-described phenomena of soil fatigue affect the quality of plant growth and, ultimately, the yield of standard seedlings.
Keywords: Сontinuous cropping, seedlings, apple-tree, soil exhaustion, phenols, standard, crop rotation
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-214-218

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Authors:

  1. Tankevich Valentina Viktorovna, Phd in Agriculture, Sen. Research, Federal State Institution of Science "Order of the Labour Red Banner Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center Russian Academy of Science" Gardening Branch «Crimean Gardening Station".