Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2018, № 72

UDC: 633.3
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Yield grain wheat grain in the Orel Region and the peculiarities of its formation by modern varieties

In article presents the results of an evaluation of more than 35 new and promising varieties of spring wheat from seven leading breeding centers in Russia, which underwent agroecological testing at the Shatilov Agricultural Experimental Station. The yield of spring wheat in the Orel region in the years of testing was in the range of 3.5 to 4.5 t/ha, which was largely determined by the influence of weather conditions. The most favorable for the growth and development of plant cultures were in 2014 and 2017 - yields averaged 4.4 and 3.8 t/ha, and extreme - in 2015 and 2016, characterized by temperature changes and uneven distribution of precipitation (often noted high temperature and aridity), because of which the yield of grain was reduced by an average of 17% and was in the range of 3.3-3.5 t/ha. At the same time, the influence of the genotype on the yield of culture was more significant. The interval of genotypic variation of the indicator was: in 2014 - from 4.1 to 4.9; 2015 - from 2,8 to 4,2; 2016 - from 2.9 to 3.7; in 2017 - from 3,0 to 4,5 t/ha. Among the varieties of selection of the GNU of the Moscow Research Institute "Nemchinovka", Zlata (4.0-4.9 t / ha) and Lubava (3.9-4.8 t / ha) were the highest and stable yields in the years of the test. Of the varieties of the GNU of the Tatar Scientific and Research Institute - Yoldyz (4,5-5,0 t/ha); Idelle (4.2-4.8 t/ha); The Voronezh NIISH - Voronezhskaya 18 (4.3-5.0 t/ha); Chernozemnouralsk (3.9-4.6 t/ha). These varieties can be recommended for crop selection as sources of high grain yields.
Keywords: Breeding, variety, spring wheat, yield, stability
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-72-369-372

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Authors:

  1. Chekalin Evgeniy Ivanovich, Phd in Agriculture, Senior Researcher; Research Center "Genetic resources of plants and their use", Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education " N.V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University ".
  2. Amelin Alexander Vasilyevich, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Research Center; Research Center "Genetic resources of plants and their use", Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education " N.V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University ".
  3. Zaikin Valery Vasilyevich, Phd in Agriculture, Senior Researcher; Research Center "Genetic resources of plants and their use", Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education " N.V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University ".
  4. Ikusov Roman Alexandrovich, Master, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education " N.V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University ".
  5. Mazalov Victor Ivanovich, DSc in Agriculture, Director, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Shatilovskaja agricultural experimental economy" "The All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops".
  6. Sagin Alexander Viktorovich, Ph.D. employee, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Shatilovskaja agricultural experimental economy" "The All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops".
  7. Gorodov Vasily Timofeevich, Phd in Agriculture, Associate Professor, Federal state budgetary educational establishment of the higher education "V.Ya. Gorina Belgorod State Agrarian University».