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2018, № 72

UDC: 634.1:581.1.036:551.5(471.63)
GSNTI: 34.23.37

To deciphering of the "Genotype - Environment" interaction mechanism in the context of climate change for fruit crops in the South of Russia

Optimization of crop productivity systems is the main condition for human survival (nutrition and civilization development). This problem has arisen in the 60-ies of the last century, but still there is a high dependence (50-80%) of the size and quality of fruit crops from negative climatic factors. The current climate change is causing an imbalance in the origin of the phases of plant development. It is necessary to ensure the stability of the production process of fruit crops on the basis of new fundamental knowledge in biological science and the use of automated digital monitoring system, study and forecast of their behavior in changing environmental conditions. First of all, this applies to the most valuable seed crop - pears, more demanding to the medium of cultivation in comparison with apple. The mechanism of "genotype - environment interaction" (GEI) was studied in three pear varieties in different fruit zones of Krasnodar region (Prikubanskaya, Foothill, Steppe) during winter-spring development in two long periods: 1985-2000 and 2001-2017. It was shown that against the background of new limiting factors of the environment (low temperatures in the winter-spring period of development for flower buds of pear varieties), there is a change in the ranks of the productivity of genes determining winter hardiness. The conditions for growing pears in the Foothills have deteriorated. The phenomenon of "genotype - environment interaction" was manifested both in time (change of gene spectra) and in the space of the Krasnodar region. These results can be used in the modification of the digital automated system for the assessment of the genotype biopotential of pear varieties to environmental resources.
Keywords: Pear varieties, nature of “genotype-environment interaction”, development phases, winter-spring period, climate change
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-72-142-148

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Authors:

1. Dragavtsev Victor Alexandrovich, DSc in Biology, Academic of RAS, Chief Researcher of Laboratory of plants ecophisiology, Agrophysical Research Institute.
2. Dragavtseva Irina Alexandrovna, Dr. of Agricultural science, Professor, Chief Scientific Officer of Laboratory of Management of productivity in the fruit agrocenosis and ecosystems, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
3. Mozhar Nina Vasilievna, Candidate of Agricultural science, Senior Researcher of Laboratory of studying varieties and breeding of fruit crops, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.
4. Morenets Anna Sergeevna, Junior researcher of Laboratory of Management of productivity in the fruit agrocoenosis and ecosystems, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making”.