<<<  Back

2018, № 70

UDC: 634.1-15
GSNTI: 68.35.53

Features of growing apple plant in organic orchards of the south of Russia

The research is devoted to the development of technology for the creation and operation of an organic orchard in the south of Russia. The experiments were conducted in field experience in 2007-2017 in apple plantations, laid in 2002 on the territory of the "Kuban" Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar, soil - chernozem leached), taking into account the requirements of organic gardening. In the experiment, Florina and Liberty varieties immune to scab (as a pollinator) were tested on the MM-106 root stock. During the research, were used the generally methods. The mathematical analysis of the results of the studies was carried out by standard methods. Technological characteristics distinguishing an organic garden from a traditional one are presented. The main elements of the technology of laying and maintaining the organic apple tree in specific environmental conditions are determined. In the process of operation of the organic orchard, it is assumed: the use of inter-row spacing of rows between rows due to the formation of the grass stand of naturally growing ground cover grass of optimum species composition, the widespread use of biological plant protection products and the conservation of natural enemies of harmful species, and the use of methods for regulating the growth and fruiting of trees. The implementation of this technology ensures the stable functioning of the organic apple tree. The yield of apples in such a orchard from 18.0 to 26.0 t/ha in various (even extreme) weather conditions, and on average (over the past eight years) reaches 23.0 t/ha. Fruit products produced in the organic garden meet the highest ecological requirements. At the same time, the cost of money is much less than in traditional orchards.
Keywords: Apple tree, organic orchard, characteristics, cultivation, technology, harvest, fruit, quality
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-70-50-53

References:

1. Дорошенко, Т. Н. Органические сады юга России / Т. Н. Дорошенко, А. В. Бузоверов, А. Н. Кондратенко и др.: монография. - Краснодар: КубГАУ, 2012. - 141 с.
2. Доспехов, Б. А. Методика полевого опыта / Б. А. Доспехов. - М.: Агропромиздат, 1985. - 351 с.
3. Жученко, А. А. Стратегия адаптивной интенсификации сельского хозяйства (концепция) / А. А. Жученко. - Пущино: ОНТИ ПНЦ РАН, 1994. - 148 с.
4. Дорошенко, Т. Н. Органическое садоводство: учеб. пособие / Т. Н. Дорошенко, Б. С. Гегечкори, Л. Г. Рязанова. - Краснодар: Кубанский ГАУ, 2014. - 159 с.
5. Беседина, Т. Д. Система земледелия в садоводстве и виноградарстве краснодарского края / Т. Д. Беседина, А. В. Бондарь, Т. Н. Воробьева и др. - СКНИИСИВ Краснодар, 2015. - С. 241.
6. Сугоняев, Е. С. Экологический метод защиты яблоневого сада от вредных членистоногих на юге России. Методическое руководство / Е. С. Сугоняев, Т. Н. Дорошенко, В. А. Яковук, И. В. Балахнина, О. С. Шевченко, Л. А. Васильева. - СПб., Русское энтомологическое общество. - 2013. - 60 с.
7. Lind, K. Organic fruit growing / K. Lind, G. Lafer, Schloffer, G. Innerhofer, H. Meister // CAB Publishing. - 2003. - 281 p.
8. Sansavini, S. European apple Breeding Programs turn to biotechnology / S. Sansovin, E. Belfanti, F. Costa and F. Donati // Chronica Harticulturae. - 2005. - V.45 №2. - Р. 16-19.

Authors:

1. Doroshenko Tatyana Nikolayevna, DSc in Agriculture, professor, Honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, head of the Department of horticulture; Department of horticulture, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
2. Ryazanova Ludmila Georgiyevna, PhD in Agriculture, associate professor; Department of horticulture, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
3. Chumakov Sergey Semenovich, DSc in Agriculture sciences, associate professor; Department of horticulture, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
4. Gorbunov Igor Valeryevich, PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.