Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2017, № 69

UDC: 631. 82: 633. 31: 631.445.4(470.62)
GSNTI: 68.33.29

Effects of mineral fertilizers in growing lucerne on leached chernozeme of Western Ciscaucasia

The results of studies on the establishment of aftereffects of long-term application of mineral fertilizers in conditions of stationary experiment on crops of alfalfa of the 1st year of life in 11-grained grain-grass-tilled crop rotation on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia are presented. The content of mineral nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium compounds in the soil, with different types and norms of fertilizers is determined. In relation to the control, single fertilizer rates (111) increased nitrogen content by 25.4%, double (222) by 44.0%, triple (333) by 55.0%. After the action of double norms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the nitrogen regime of leached chernozem was improved, and the content of mineral nitrogen increased by 18.6%; 7.6 and 13.6% respectively. The aftereffect of nitrogen fertilizers (200) and phosphorus (020), as well as double and triple norms of complete mineral fertilizers (222 and 333) in growing alfalfa of the first year of life corresponded to an increased content of mobile forms of phosphorus compounds in the soil. The content of mobile forms of potassium compounds in the soil was largely determined by the aftereffect of fertilizer rates. The increase in the content of available elements of mineral nutrition in the soil affected positively the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants of alfalfa of the 1st year of life. The greatest number of them in plants is noted in versions with double and triple norms. The aftereffect of mineral fertilizers under crops of crop rotation provides an increase in the yield of green mass of alfalfa of the 1st year of life in the variants 111 - 1.52 t / ha, 222 - 1.99 and 333 - 2.21 t / ha. The norm for the crops of 11-course grain-grass-tilled crop rotation, which provides the greatest increase in the yield of green mass of alfalfa of the first year of life, should be double and triple norms of full mineral fertilizer.
Keywords: Aftereffect, fertilizers, experience, alfalfa, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil, crop
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-69-158-164

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Authors:

  1. Lukyanova Elena Nikolaevna, post-graduate student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
  2. Onishchenko Ludmila Mikhailovna, DSc in Agriculture, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.
  3. Sheudzhen Askhad Khazretovich, DSc in Biology, Academician of RAS, head. Chair of Agrochemistry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University”.