Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2017, № 67

UDC: 634.13:631.52
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Selection potential of a pear in the conditions of the south of Russia

An important element in the technology of cultivation of fruit crops there are varieties of. Varieties with a set of economically valuable characteristics and positively responding to intensive technologies are the basis for the production of high-quality fruit products, incl. Pears. Increased stress factors of the environment reduce the adaptability of plantations, which necessitates the expansion of the existing pear assortment with new varieties of local selection that are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, with high productivity and fruit quality. The article gives a comprehensive assessment of the breeding varieties of SZZNIISiV and introduced by the main indicators, new sorts are identified with a set of selectively significant and economically valuable traits. The analysis and selection of the varieties most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone was carried out. The best varieties for yields over the past three years are distinguished in the conditions of the Kuban zone of the Krasnodar Territory. With a yield higher than the control varieties are distinguished: Augustow dew and Krasnodar summer (8,0 and 9,2 t / ha, respectively). At the control level of the variety: Winter Mlievskaya, Krasulya, Moldavian early, Perlyna, Fairy, Souvenir and elite forms 4-4-16, 4-3-54, 4-12-81, whose average yield per hectare was from 6,0 Up to 6,9 tons. Compoundly resistant to varieties such as Moldavian early, Nika, Raduzhnaya, Sopernitsa, Yuzhanka and varieties of breeding were identified: Assol, Krasnodar summer, Sheehan and hybrid forms: V-18-47, V-19-52, 4-14-69, D-6-54, 4-12-81, 16-9-61, 4-4-21, B-18-46. As a result of practical selection, elite pear varieties were obtained and selected, surpassing the standard varieties according to a set of economically significant features, adaptive to local conditions: 4-4-21, D-6-54, 4-3-54, 4-12-81, 4 -14-69.
Keywords: Pear, variety, genotype, elite, selection, adaptability, winter hardiness, resistance, productivity, environment
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-67-162-165

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Authors:

  1. Mozhar Nina Vasilievna, Phd. Agricultural sciences, art. Sci. Employee of the laboratory for variety study and selection of garden crops, North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture.