Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2017, № 67

UDC: 634.84.09:631.524.86/.527.42
GSNTI: 68.35.03

Identification of new frost-resistancy donors during selection of table grape varieties

Vine plant resistance to low temperatures is a matter of pressing concern for all wine growing regions of the Russian Federation. Cultivation of standard European-Asian grape varieties in risky farming zones is complicated for their low winter and frost resistance. Breeding frost-resistant varieties requires the presence of immunological differentiation and good adaptability to local conditions in the original parental components. A classical scheme of the selection process requires the involvement of new varieties and forms with enriched hereditary basis that belong to V. vinifera or complex interspecies and distant hybrids of V. rotundifolia. The purpose of this research is to identify new frost resistance donors in the cross-species and distant hybridization process aimed at obtaining table grape varieties. Three varieties-indicators with a known resistance to low temperatures were used as control: Kober 5BB, Citronny Magaracha and Livya. Among the studied forms there were none with a very high frost resistance below minus 27оC. However, we determined high resistance to low temperatures (minus 24оC) in four elite forms: Muscat of Crimea, Super Extra, Ataman, Magarach No. X-1. Analysis evidenced that the use of Magarach No. 31-77-10 form is characterized by general combining ability of low temperature resistance inheritance at breeding with distant hybrids, which has been confirmed by hypothetical heterosis in all combinations of crosses. The crossing combination Talisman x Asma has demonstrated the most successful genetic combination of the original forms. This population demonstrates the highest average frost resistance rating among the studied populations with the original Talisman form (6,2 points); in this population transgressive recombinants (2%) were detected; there is a high hypothetical heterosis of 23,8%.Thus, Talisman variety was selected as a potential donor of frost resistance possessing a specific combining ability.
Keywords: Donor of frost resistance, hypothetical heterosis, transgressive recombinants, the frost resistance, the combining ability
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-67-135-140

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Authors:

  1. Zlenko Valery Anatolyevich, Phd. Agricultural sciences., Associate Professor, Art. Sci. Associate, FSBSI «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS», Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, Russia.
  2. Likhovskoy Vladimir Vladimirovich, Phd. Agricultural Sciences, deputy. Head of Unit, FSBSI «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS», Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, Russia.
  3. Volynkin Vladimir Alexandrovich, Dr. of Agricultural Sciences. Sci., Professor, Ch. Sci. Associate, FSBSI «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS», Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, Russia.
  4. Vasilyk Irina Aleksandrovna, Phd. Agricultural Sciences, scientific. Associate, FSBSI «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS», Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, Russia.
  5. Polulyah Alla Anatolievna, Phd. Agricultural Sciences, Ved. Sci. Associate, FSBSI «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS», Yalta, Republic of the Crimea, Russia.