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2017, № 64

UDC: 632.9:631.4]:631.582:635.64
GSNTI: 68.37.05

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of micromycetes successes in the tomato risosphere after different predecessors on leached Chernozeme

The study of biodiversity and quantitative composition of soil micromycetes in the farming of tomatoes was carried out with the aim of identifying bio-indicator genera, determining phytosanitary condition of the soil depending on the predecessor culture and weather predictors. The realization of the goal was carried out in 2010-2015 production in field experiments on leached сhernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. In total, we analyzed the 162 soil sample. It is established that the quantitative indicators of the birth of monochromized in the soil of agrocenosis of tomatoes largely depended on the preceding culture, which allowed to determine the nature of spatial succession. The number of genera of micromycetes in the years of research it was 18 and 17 for the predecessors for winter wheat and alfalfa and 11 in tomato seedling stage, the flowering phase - 16, 15 and 14, and in the period of fruit ripening - 13, 14 and 9, respectively. The total number of births pathogenic micromycetes in the phases of vegetation after winter predecessor to 49, 51 and 53 %, after alfalfa is 35, 48 and 42 %, re-cultivation of tomato - 74, 78 and 71 %. The share of conventionally suppressive births in the total number of micromycetes in phases made after wheat 46, 45 and 45 %, after alfalfa - 60, 48 and 57 % and after the tomatoes -26, 21 and 29 %. In quantitative terms, SOME in various phases of vegetation of tomato a predominance in the group of conditionally pathogenic micromycetes of the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Verticillium and Cladosporium, suppressive - Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Representatives of these genera are selected as bioindicators of the health state of the soil in the rhizosphere of tomatoes depending on the preceding crop, and the weather predictors.
Keywords: Secondary succession, soil fungi, pathogenic micromycetes, rhizosphere, predecessor, winter wheat, alfalfa, tomatoes, weather predictors, leached сhernozem, micromycetes suppressive
DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-64-110-115

References:

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Authors:

1. Pikushova Emilia Aleksandrovna, PhD in biology, professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University".
2. Kravtsova Marina Sergeevna, plant protection consultant, "Vladis-Agro".