Труды Кубанского государственного аграрного университета


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2016, № 59

UDC: 631.531.02
GSNTI: 68.35.29

Breeding of agricultural crops in the northeast of European Russia for provision of import substitution

Adaptive assortment of cultivated cereals determines in high degree competitive ability of exact region and a country as a whole in world grain market and promotes import substitution. Domestic varieties predominate in sowing of spring cereals in Russian; ratio of foreign varieties is 2,8% for wheat, 1,7% for oats, and 14,2% for barley. Basic part of foreign barley varieties is brewing varieties but practically there are no food or fodder barley varieties among them. Competitive varieties of winter rye (Falenskaya 4, Graphinya), spring wheat (Bazhenka, Svecha, Vyatchanka), barley (Novichok, Rodnik Prikam'ya, Ekolog), and oats (covered varieties Krechet, Gunter, Medved', Sapsan; naked varieties Vyatsky and Persheron) were created in North-East Agricultural Research Institute and Falenki breeding station (Kirov region) for provision of import substitution under conditions of instable agro-climatic resources, short growing season, cold snow winter at European North-East and other regions of Russia. Breeding lines of naked oats resistant against loose smut and having productivity 23-57,3% higher standard were obtained in mutual investigation with Baichen Agricultural Academy (China). Along with traditional methods of hybridization and selection biotechnological methods were used - creation of regenerants on selective media with ionic toxicity of aluminum and on osmotic stress background. These methods allow to get varieties tolerant and resistant to edaphic stress and drought. Two-rowed barley Novichok, multi-rowed barley Tandem era included in State Register and barley Forward passes State Tests. Variety Forward is competitive at cultivation both on acid and neutral soils. Spring wheat Svecha and Bazhenka are included in State Register for Volga-Vyatka region; they are competitive in Udmurt Republic, Perm Territory, and Kirov region because of short growing season, high productivity (4,6 t/ha), valuable grain quality. Wheat variety Vyatchanka passes State Tests; it has high grain productivity (up to 4,9 t/ha), resistance to sprouting, to loose and covered smut.
Keywords: Oats, barley, wheat, winter rye, drought, acid soil, loose smut, breeding, in vitro culture, import substitution, competitive ability,

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Authors:

  1. Batalova Galina Arkadjevna, DSc in agriculture, professor, corresponding member of RAS, deputy director on breeding activity, head of oats department, North-East Agricultural Research Institute Professor of cathedra of ecology and zoology, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kirov, Russia, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy.
  2. Shchennikova Irina Nikolaevna, PhD in agriculture, associate professor, head of laboratory of barley breeding and primary seed growing, North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy.
  3. Lisitsyn Eugene Mikhailovich, DSc in agriculture, head of department of plant edaphic resistance, North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Kirov, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy.