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2016, № 59

UDC: 633.854.78:631.52 (470)
GSNTI: 68.01.11

State of sunflower breeding and problems of importsubstituting sunflower seed growing in the Russian Federation

Fort helast tenyears a market of sunflowers eedshas becom esignificantly depending on foreign companies which supply into the country noton lyseeds of sunflower varieties and hybrids forcommercial production of the crop but also conduct industrial seed growing on the territory of the Russian Federation. Having financial capacities these diversified transnational companies enforce the aggressive marketing policy, trying to monopolize their influence and to control domestic seed market. Herein, it is hardly possible that expansion of foreign sunflower hybrids is connected with their inaccessible yield. Availability of domestic competitive varieties and hybrids is a necessary condition of effective import substitution. In current time, in Russia, both state and private (commercial) breeding centers are working in this direction. All-Russia research institute of oil crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S. is the largest institution-originator among state ones. The institute and its experimental stations deal with breeding of sunflower varieties and hybrids of the different maturity groups, usage direction, suitable for production in a wide range of regions. A high yield potential of domestic breeding achievements is proved in production and demonstrative plots. Whereas the main problem at sunflower seeds production is a necessity to maintain space isolation as this crop is cross-pollinating entomophilous plant. It is also true that seeds can be of non-perfect quality, a level of piratic seeds is quite high, and there are risks for originators to lose money in case of a sharp increase of produced seed amounts and their further weak demand and possible countermeasures of foreign competitor. Thus, as a part of the import substituting strategy working-out, it is necessary to develop and accept some measures of the state support of breeding and seed growing branch, and their step-by-step realization will promote increasing of innovating development of this branch, consolidating of economic and food safety of the country, etc.
Keywords: Oilcrops, sunflower, sunflower varieties and hybrids, import substitution, measures of state support

Authors:

1. Lukomets Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, Dr. of agricultural Sciences, academician, research supervisor, Federal state budgetary scientific institution all-Russian research Institute of oil crops named after V. S. Pustovoit.
2. Zaitsev Nikolay Ivanovich, Dr. of agricultural Sciences, acting Director, Federal state budgetary scientific institution all-Russian research Institute of oil crops named after V. S. Pustovoit.
3. Krivoshlykov Konstantin Mikhailovich, Cand. Ekon. Sciences, head. lab. economy, Federal state budgetary scientific institution all-Russian research Institute of oil crops named after V. S. Pustovoit.