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2016, № 59

UDC: 635.051:631.527(477.75)
GSNTI: 68:35.03

Selection of perennial flowering-ornamental plants in the Nikitsky botanical garden and its results in connection with the import substitution problem

Establishment in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens is a pioneer in the field of introduction and selection investigations of flowering-ornamental plants in Russia. Introduction of such plants was launched in 1812, but selection in 1824. Due to work of some generations of scientists there are large gene pool collections that serve as a basis for breeding of garden roses, chrysanthemums, clematises, irises, hemerocallises, cannas, tulips and syringa. As a result of introduction study, variety study and variety rating of perennial flowering-ornamental plants, the principal and complementary characteristics were chosen for breeding of sorts appropriate for Crimean conditions, and 168 donor sorts of these characteristics were marked out as well. Directions and tasks concerning selection of each flowering-ornamental crop were also determined in terms of the research. In breeding of new domestic sorts the following methods were applied: mass and individual sampling, intervarietal, closely-related and distant hybridization, method of open crossed pollination in terms of collection plantations, clonal selection and introduced mutagenesis - radiation and chemical. As a result of long-term investigations there is a vast selection fond that includes more than 700 thousand nurslings, while more than 300 tolerant, highly ornamental and productive sorts of perennial flowering-ornamental crops with durable abundant blossoming period were bred. 66 competitive sorts, proper for import substitution were bred as well.
Keywords: Breeding, introduction, sort, mutagenesis, perennial flowering-ornamental plants, selection methods, import substitution

References:

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Authors:

1. Klymenko Zinaida Konstantinovna, PhD (Doctor of Biological Sciences); Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
2. Zykova Vera Konstantinovna, PhD (Candidate of Biological Sciences) Senior Scientist; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
3. Aleksandrova Lyudmila Maksimovna, PhD (Candidate of Biological Sciences) Senior Scientist; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
4. Ulanovskaya Irina Vladimirovna, Cand. of Biological Science; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
5. Zubkova Nataliya Vasilyevna, Research Assistant; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
6. Smykova Nataliya Vladimirovna, Research Assistant; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
7. Plugatar Svetlana Alekseyevna, Research Assistant; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.
8. Andryushchenkova Zoya Pavlovna, Junior Researcher; Laboratory of Floriculture, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center.